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00:00:10,636 --> 00:00:23,190
G'day, guys! Welcome to this episode
of Aussie English. Today, I have a
lecturer in linguistics from an ANU
University, College of the arts and
Social Sciences and I hope I can say
your name correctly. I haven't asked
ahead of time, but we'll see if I can
do it.

2
00:00:25,501 --> 00:00:26,501
Ksenia Gnevsheva.

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00:00:26,940 --> 00:00:32,700
Oh my God, this is so good! You're
like the first person ever to say it
so well, the first, the first time.
This is really good!

4
00:00:32,701 --> 00:00:37,490
So, how would you actually say that
with the Russian accent properly.

5
00:00:38,150 --> 00:00:39,150
It would be Ksenia Gnevsheva.

6
00:00:40,805 --> 00:00:45,630
Far out! It's those consonant
clusters that we just don't really
have in English, right? That we have
trouble with.

7
00:00:46,240 --> 00:00:51,097
That's right, that's right. So, I
usually tell people that I have a
silent K and a silent G at the
beginning of my names, so that makes
it easier.

8
00:00:52,820 --> 00:00:53,933
So they just skip it, they don't even
worry about it.

9
00:00:56,010 --> 00:01:34,080
So, I thought I harassed you to come
on the podcasts because I was seeing
this, I had all these friends sending
me this article or a few different
articles recently about your study
and I'm sure you sort of received
quite a bit of attention now. But can
you tell me about this study where it
was that you found out migrants are
learning or picking up Australian
slang, non English speaking migrants
or at least as their first language,
they're picking up slang faster than
English speaking migrants, so I guess
my first question is how on earth did
you come up with this question? What
made you decide to ask it and then
study it?

10
00:01:34,770 --> 00:02:17,470
Yeah, I think a lot of my research or
research in general is quite
personal, so I think this is what
happened to me. So, I would consider
myself a second language speaker of
English and I first moved to the US
from Russia. So, I lived in the US
for about three years and I acquired
an American accent. So, actually when
I first moved to the Southern
Hemisphere people asked me "oh, where
are you from the U.S?" so, they could
definitely tell that I had lived in
the US. But then I've lived here in
the southern hemisphere, first in New
Zealand and then in Australia, for,
oh my God,  about seven years now.
And you can hear that my American
accent is absolutely gone.

11
00:02:17,830 --> 00:02:20,640
Yeah, I can't hear it all, I was
going to say, I haven't noticed any
of it.

12
00:02:21,509 --> 00:02:25,904
Yeah, yeah. So, I used to say car and
park and things like that and now I
say car and park.

13
00:02:28,140 --> 00:02:40,047
Did you have to actively try and lose
that R pronunciation when you came
down to the Southern Hemisphere? Was
that a trial? Did you actually have
to spend quite a bit of time in the
mirror practising not saying the Rs?

14
00:02:41,580 --> 00:02:51,427
You know what is funny? It happened
sort of, you know, below my level of
consciousness. Actually, that isn't
true, I was consciously trying to
retain it.

15
00:02:51,428 --> 00:02:51,638
Oh really?

16
00:02:51,968 --> 00:03:25,370
I was constantly trying to retain my
R because because I had lived in the
U.S. for a longer time at that point,
I felt like I was I had a stronger
connection with the U.S. English, so
I wanted to continue speaking with an
American accent, but then  my own
words started changing and my
pronunciation started changing and I
tried to resist it, but no, within
the first two years of my Rs were
gone and my vowels started changing
and I started using new Zealand and
then Australian words and.

17
00:03:25,843 --> 00:03:57,180
No kidding! We'll get to the study
later on, I guess, because I've got a
few questions here. Is that something
that most of the people that I've
ever met who lose their accents they
tend to be very young, so that's
something that adults can do easily
or is your case a pretty rare case
where you had one accent in a
language that you spoke fluently and
then it switched later on without you
even trying actively? Because I've
only ever heard of, for instance, I
had some friends go to America when I
was in high school and they came back
after a year with a really thick
American accent and it took them a
good six months to lose it.

18
00:03:59,220 --> 00:04:37,290
Yeah. So, as the research shows that
there are a number of different
factors that affect how well people
can pick up a new accent or how
adaptable they are in terms of accent
or all language in general, and age
is definitely one of the strongest
predictors so, the younger you are
when you move to a new dialect area
or new a new language area, a new
country the more likely you will be
to acquire the varieties spoken
there, but there are other things as
well. Even if you take people of the
same age and move them from one
country to another there will be
different outcomes.

19
00:04:37,291 --> 00:04:37,501
Oh really?

20
00:04:38,211 --> 00:05:04,050
So, motivation is one of them so, the
more motivated you are to speak with
a native like accent, for for lack of
a better word, the more exposure you
have to the language or dialect, your
social networks, the more friends you
have, in the new dialect or language
the more, the more likely you are to
acquire it.

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00:05:04,770 --> 00:05:27,305
Is that tied in with contact with
your L-1, your first language too?
So, that if you do kinda of come to a
country and then completely severe
all ties with your L-1, you're much
more likely to pick up the L-2 to a
higher level with a much more
diminished accent than if you were
living with Australians in Russia and
only hang out with Australians and
only watching Australian TV.

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00:05:27,359 --> 00:06:19,490
These can be related, but it's not a
one to one correlation so, you can't
say that "if you severe all ties
then...". One thing that we recommend
as researchers to children, for
example, quite often parents who
don't speak English as their first
language will want well tried to
speak English to their children in
the hope that the children will
acquire a better English, but
actually we have found that it's not
so good for the children's
development, linguistic development,
it is actually... we find that it is
actually better for them to develop
good proficiency in one language and
then build on that proficiency in
English. It sounds counterintuitive,
but actually it's interesting
research shows that quite often
development in both languages goes
hand in hand.

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00:06:19,590 --> 00:07:01,044
And so, once they're sort of picking
up one and they get exposed to
another one later on that they are
more likely to pick it up. Because,
I'm at that point now, we have a few
friends where say...one set of
friends stands out in particular
because the fathers Hungarian, she is
Brazilian and the kids are obviously
half of half, but they've grown up in
Switzerland and then come to
Australia and so, it's very weird
because he speaks Hungarian to them,
the mum speaks Brazilian Portuguese
to them and they speak English to
each other and if I speak to them, I
speak Portuguese because my wife's
Brazilian, if I speak to them in
Portuguese quite often it takes a
while for them to switch over from
English because know that I'm
Australian. So, they will just hit me
with that. So, is it we're about to
have a child as well and for selfish
reasons.

24
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Congratulations!

25
00:07:06,400 --> 00:07:17,250
Thank you! Thank you, would you
suggest sticking with just one
language, whether it's English or
Portuguese for the beginning, when
you're raising that baby and not
trying to bombard them with two at
once or they won't have a problem
with either?

26
00:07:19,630 --> 00:07:47,541
Well, I think most people suggest
doing both languages at the same time
because it doesn't only tie in with
simply linguistic development, but
also motivation because quite often
when children realise that they can
get away with speaking only one
language English, the majority
language in those cases, they will
sort of resist speaking speaking the
other home language, Portuguese,
right?

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00:07:48,054 --> 00:08:04,700
That's what we're thinking, let's
just teach them Portuguese at home
and my family and the rest of
Australia can teach the kid English,
but we'll just make sure that the
home is Portuguese only, for my sort
of selfish reasons as well because I
want to get proficient or more and
more proficient in it, right? So...

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00:08:07,150 --> 00:08:35,162
I can't I can tell you what to do
here, right? There are many things to
consider and you'll have to make the
choice yourself, but there are many
things to consider. There are also
emotional things, emotional
connections, right? Will you be happy
connecting with your child
emotionally in a language that is
foreign to you? I think you could you
could try both ways and see how it
goes. Every family is different and
every child is different from another
child so, you can see how it goes and
play it by ear.

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00:08:35,455 --> 00:08:56,445
What was it like that for you? Did
you grow up speaking English because
you would have to be one of the
Russians that I've met with a very,
very near native almost perfect
accent and most Russians they have
that stereotype, right? Of having a
very thick accent because they're the
sounds in Russian are so different.
Did you grow up speaking it from a
very young age or did you learn it at
a later age or through school?

30
00:08:57,960 --> 00:09:21,270
So, I speak to my parents in Russian
and Russian was the only language
that I grew up speaking and I learned
it... I first learned it as a foreign
language in school, but then I moved
to the U.S at the youngest age, the
age of 15. So, I think this is, I was
sort of at that age where you can
still...where the age is on your
side.

31
00:09:21,440 --> 00:09:25,465
Yeah. So, that brain plasticity is
still there and is going to help you.

32
00:09:27,270 --> 00:09:44,240
Yeah. Yeah. I think I was...it's not
just that, I think I'm also quite
motivated and this is my accent
changes quite a bit when I move from
country to country. I think...maybe I
want to fit in and make new friends.

33
00:09:45,200 --> 00:10:25,970
Yeah, I was always wondering that
because I find that my accent even
varies in Australia depending on who
I am talking to. If I if I'm talking
to, you know, the quote unquote bogan
in Australia I'm not going to talk as
politely and as articulately as
normal because I don't want to stick
out. I kind of want to be like I am
one of you. And then when I talk with
foreigners I try not to use (sounds)
and a lot of slang because I want
them to understand me. So, doesn't
come from place when people do that
not wanting to stand out or is it
more that they want to be part of
that group and they're kind of like I
just want to be able to speak and not
have to, you know, have to answer as
many questions about what I've said
or ''could you say that again?'' you
know, everything like that. Is that
part of the reason we do that?

34
00:10:27,120 --> 00:10:56,640
I think there are several reasons to
that and communication, simply more
efficient communication is one of
them, but of course there is a social
aspect of it that's very important as
well. So, we want...we, when we're
talking to somebody, we want to be...
we want to create a community, we
want to be more similar to them. So,
at the end, this is showing... in
gestures as well so, you will see
that when people are talking to each
other they will often inadvertently
copy each other's gestures and that
applies to language as well.

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00:10:56,910 --> 00:11:01,490
So, that's that kind of like if one
of you starts doing this in a
conversation or any other person do
this.

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00:11:01,491 --> 00:11:01,722
Absolutely.

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00:11:04,037 --> 00:11:14,100
So, what got you so interested in
linguistics to begin with? Was it
learning English when you came to
America or was it in you from a much
younger age that you had an interest
in languages and linguistics?

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00:11:16,280 --> 00:11:41,681
I think I've always liked languages
and then when I moved to the U.S. I
became very much interested in how
people learn languages so, the
pedagogy of it, but also how people
change their accent and this is where
my research now is on accents, and I
mostly work with bilingual
participants, bilingual from from a
young age or second language speakers
of usually English or other languages
as well.

39
00:11:42,310 --> 00:11:49,500
Brilliant. So tell us about this
study then. How did you get the idea
for this study? First sort of doing a
whole detour there.

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00:11:49,582 --> 00:12:24,990
Yeah, yeah, so like I said, I first
began by thinking about my own
experience and how my my accent, my
language changed from moving from
Russia to the U.S. and then from the
U.S. to New Zealand and then to
Australia and then I looked at some
of my native English speaking friends
and there I thought that their accent
was not changing as much if they were
moving from the U.S. to Australia.
You will meet top Americans here who,
you know, they've lived here for 30
years and they still speak very
American.

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00:12:25,320 --> 00:12:31,755
Some of them have been here longer
than I've been alive and I've met
them and you've had plenty of time to
learn the Aussie accent and slang and
you're still asking me what an esky
is, c'mon!

42
00:12:33,740 --> 00:13:16,090
That's right! I wondered what is it.
What happens? How are second language
speakers different from first
language speakers of the language?
And could go both ways, right? You
could say, perhaps second language
speakers are more adaptable because
it is their second language, or it
could go the other way. Possibly they
are less adaptable because it is
their second language so, they sort
of stuck on a one gear and that's it.
And when I looked at that I tried to
find any previous research on this
better , I couldn't find anything,
there were a couple of studies
looking at it, but it was nice it was
not exactly what I was looking for
and there have been none in Australia
before so, I decided why not do it?

43
00:13:16,730 --> 00:13:18,300
And so how did you test this
question?

44
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Yeah. So, what we did is we you
recruited for, I should acknowledge
my co-authors.

45
00:13:25,860 --> 00:13:26,860
Do it, of course!

46
00:13:28,080 --> 00:13:37,860
This research was conducted together
with my colleagues at Macquarie
University, Anita Szakay and Sandra
Jansen in Germany.

47
00:13:38,602 --> 00:13:39,602
Oh, wow!

48
00:13:40,340 --> 00:15:14,951
We're quite an
international...international
speaking...So, we recruited  four
groups participants, we had native
speakers of Australian English, so
people born and bred in Australia. We
also had native speakers of American
English who moved from the U.S. to
Australia and have lived in Australia
between one and 10 years. And then we
have two groups of Russian speakers,
native Russians speakers, second
language speakers of English. One
group moved from Russian to
Australia, so Australian English was
the first English variety that they
acquired even in real life. And then
we had a second group of Russians who
moved from Russia to the U.S. and
then to Australia. So, American
English was their first English
variety and then Australian English
was their second English variety. And
you were wondering how these four
groups would compare to each other.
So, one of the experiments that we
had them do was to look at pictures
of everyday objects. And all they had
to do is say what it is and the
objects that we chose were things
that have different meanings or
different words in American English
and Australian English, so esky is
one example, right? So, esky is the
word for icebox or cooler, cooler is
the word we would use in American
English and there are many words like
that.

49
00:15:16,250 --> 00:15:17,250
Like G-string, did you show them
that?

50
00:15:18,730 --> 00:15:30,890
We showed them flip flops and they
could call them flip flops or thongs,
but capsicum vs. bell pepper,  jug
vs. pitcher.

51
00:15:33,490 --> 00:15:46,892
It's so funny too because so many of
those are like....like esky is one of
those things where it's almost like
ok... I know that's a slang term, but
I don't know how else I would call
it. So, there's quite a few of those
words but then there are some where
you don't even realize like thongs,
you don't even think oh that's a
slang term you just think they're
just thongs.

52
00:15:49,290 --> 00:16:09,300
Yeah. I think I wouldn't call them...
I would just words, I wouldn't call
them slang exactly because they are
in in Australian English and I think
they have the... I think in
Australian English I would consider
that as normal words, like capsicum,
capsicum is...

53
00:16:09,620 --> 00:16:11,833
Exactly, right? And there's a few
there's like, is it aubergine and
eggplant as well?

54
00:16:14,440 --> 00:16:48,408
That's right. So, we had about 50, 50
pictures of these items, these words
and we have people name them. And
then all we have to do is calculate
what proportion of these words they
would use an Australian word for and
what proportion of this was they
would use an American word for and
the American English speaking or the
Australian English speakers were sort
of baseline, these are the people
that grew up there. These people grew
up here, they should be using
Australian words all the time.

55
00:16:50,250 --> 00:16:51,700
You'd be worried if that wasn't the
case.

56
00:16:54,490 --> 00:17:09,141
Well, everything is relative, right?
So, we found they used Australian,
what would you call it...
traditionally Australian words 80
percent of the time. So, every once
in a while Australians would use...
they would say elevator for lift, or
they would say pepper for capsicum,
every once in a while.

57
00:17:09,447 --> 00:17:10,447
Damn it, American TV!

58
00:17:14,980 --> 00:17:39,400
And then the Americans used
Australian words at about 20 percent
of the time. So, there's a clear
difference here and 80 percent and 20
percent. Now the native Russian
speakers who moved from Russia to
Australia without going to the U.S.
first were not different from the
Australians.

59
00:17:39,790 --> 00:17:40,790
That's so cool! That's so cool!

60
00:17:42,090 --> 00:18:39,792
So, they used Australian words as
often as native speakers of
Australian English and then of course
it's interesting to see what happens
to the second language speakers who
go from one country to another
because they have had exposure to
American English. So, you would
expect them to to use American
English words as often as Americans
and no, they use Australian words at
about 50 percent of the time, so they
were right in between the Americans
and Australians so, that tells us
that they were adaptable. So, both
the second language group that moved
from Russia to Australia used
Australian words more than the
American group, in fact, as often as
the Australian group and the second
group that moved from Australia to,
from Russia to the West, to
Australia, they were not quite there
yet, but maybe if we were to test
them again in ten years time maybe
they  would be there.

61
00:18:40,200 --> 00:18:41,620
Is that the plan for a future study?

62
00:18:44,816 --> 00:18:48,617
That would be really cool if we
yeah.... if we could re-recruit these
participants, if we could find these
participants again and they would
agree to participate, that'd be
awesome.

63
00:18:52,060 --> 00:19:09,100
What are the limitations with
extrapolating out from that? Because
obviously you've used just Russians
and Americans and English speakers,
but do you think that this is going
to be a pattern you see more broadly
across all different languages, you
know, and people in these equivalent
situations whether or not it's
English and Russian?

64
00:19:10,740 --> 00:20:09,953
I think in general this could be....
I think this could be generalized to
other second language groups.
Something to keep in mind is the
prior exposure to the English
language before moving to Australia
or the U.S. So, all the Russians have
had studied English before moving to
an English Speaking country. Actually
in most of the countries on the world
it is very difficult to find somebody
who would not have any exposure to
the English language, right? So, it
just plays a role as well. Most of
the Russians would have had exposure
to both British English and American
English, but the relative exposure to
the two varieties may affect the
results of that. If you go to South
Korea where American English is much
more dominant may we would expect
that people would prefer use American
English words more.

65
00:20:10,910 --> 00:20:50,427
Yeah. Because I was one of those
peculiar sort of situations is where
every time I talk with people from, I
think it's either Singapore and/or
the Philippines, they always have
such a strong American accent and I
think they're obviously taught
American English to a like really
strong, strong, strong degree it's
really emphasized there. But even
after a few years here they still
have a very strong American accent.
So, the other question I was going to
ask is what is it with the Americans
that have moved here, obviously, what
do you think it is that's making them
hold on to those old... old, these
American words instead of using the
Australian ones? Is it just habit and
having developed and, you know, spent
all that time doing it or...?

66
00:20:53,070 --> 00:21:17,913
So, there could be some explanations
for that, right? One is what we call
a cognitive explanation and this is
exactly what you just said. It's just
habit, right? So, if you think about
the native American English speakers
they used English, they used American
English words for 30 years of their
lives and then they moved to
Australia and then to live here for
one or two years, you wouldn't really
expect them to switch to Australian
English words overnight, right? Just
the relative exposure is different.

67
00:21:22,553 --> 00:21:24,252
And Americans are pretty stubborn.

68
00:21:28,680 --> 00:21:50,632
And in comparison to second language
because of English maybe they lived
in the U.S. for five years and then
they move to Australia and they lived
here for five years so, this is much
more comparable, they would be much
more willing to switch to two new
words, right? And the second
explanation that we offer is a social
explanation, for a native speaker of
American English using Australian
words make almost the, you know, you
feel like a trader.

69
00:21:55,487 --> 00:22:09,900
And you wonder too, are there
Australians keeping them in check
where if you  heard Americans say
'g'day, mate!' you'll be like
"dude... are you taking the piss?''
like ''are you just making fun of me
or something?''

70
00:22:11,780 --> 00:22:33,019
That's right! And people may take it
differently, right? And quite often,
native speakers do not expect other
native speakers from other countries
to change as drastically in terms of
their accent or the words they choose
as they would with second language
speakers of English for some reason
we expect second language speakers of
English to acquire this native-like
accent straight away.

71
00:22:33,020 --> 00:22:33,650
Yeah, it's peculiar, isn't it?

72
00:22:34,014 --> 00:22:47,820
Yeah, and of course for second
language speakers of English there is
no such emotional connection to these
words or that accent. So, they may be
more adaptable because of that.

73
00:22:48,240 --> 00:23:23,001
Do you think too that if you were to
test...I don't know how you would do
it, the qualitative accents of the
Americans and if they are closer that
accent had gotten or the more reduced
did it become closer to English or
Australian English, do you think that
that would track with how much slang
they're using in Australia too? ,So
like the more slang these expats from
other English speaking countries are
using in Australia, the weaker their
foreign accent would be so, that it
does almost show that they would be,
you know, much more engaged in trying
to I guess lose that part of their
life and become Australian?

74
00:23:24,380 --> 00:23:29,437
So, you mean the different levels of
language, right? So, vocabulary and
accent at the same time?

75
00:23:29,950 --> 00:23:31,800
Yeah, do you think they would go
together?

76
00:23:36,950 --> 00:24:09,923
I suspect, I suspect that they would,
again it could go either way. You
could say yes, perhaps both of them
would progress at the same time or
perhaps we could find that maybe
onelevel is more adaptable than than
another. I think I would expect
vocabulary to be more adaptable than
accent, but it is an empirical
question and we are planning to test
that because we did collect some
audio recordings from our
participants, we have not analyzed
them yet, so I'm not ready to share
those results. Yeah, watch this
space!

77
00:24:13,050 --> 00:24:14,050
It's in the works.

78
00:24:14,380 --> 00:24:36,510
So, what would you say to the people
listening to the podcast obviously
who are learning Australian English
or what sort of advice would you give
them with regards to learning the
accent as well as the slang? Is it
something that you would encourage or
even suggest, at least accent wise,
that it is an obtainable goal that
they should aim for or is it
something where it's like it's just
not that important don't worry about
it?

79
00:24:38,370 --> 00:25:23,072
I think in today's globalized world
when you have exposure to all of
these different accents... I think
being comprehensible,
comprehensibility and intelligibility
I'd say are more important and people
move from country to country all the
time and people communicate with
people from different countries as
well. So, perhaps one specific accent
may not be as important, striving for
this, you know, native-like ideal may
not be as important especially
because it is quite difficult to
attain for any adult second language
learners. So, I'd say aiming or being
comprehensible and intelligible is
the most important thing.

80
00:25:23,960 --> 00:26:00,300
Is it the same thing then with slang?
Because I get quite a few students
asking me ''should I learn Australian
slang?'' and I guess that's always
one of those things where I have to
say ''well, what what do you mean
when you say Australian slang?'' you
know, because there are plenty of
expressions that are sort of
stereotypes and that they put, I have
a book somewhere like 900 Australian
slang terms and you read some of them
and like no one has ever said this.
No one, no one, but then there are
those other ones like esky and barbie
and snag that well, people call slang
and think it very useful. So, what
would you say if someone came to you
and said ''I'm moving to this country
and I want to learn the slang'',
would you recommend that they sort of
dive in and try and do that or it's
just going to happen passively?

81
00:26:01,970 --> 00:26:38,325
I think when people move to another
country it really happens very
organically when they find new
friends and they will learn all of
these useful words,  like you were
saying raised instead of learning all
these words from a book and then you
find out that actually nobody uses
those words, but of course I can not
say don't, don't learn new words.
It's good to expand your vocabulary,
but I would say don't stress out
about it too much because some things
will happen naturally when you move
to that country.

82
00:26:40,050 --> 00:27:22,680
Last question before we finish up,
have you noticed at all that... I
don't know how to put it, but I find
myself using American words quite
often and I feel like it's because of
our exposure to Hollywood and
American TV shows it's just all
pervasive these days throughout the
globe. But you don't hear Americans
saying "g'day!" and you know using
English terms even if even with Game
of Thrones so what do you think is
going on there with English as it's
evolving in the future do you think
that it's going to become one sort of
cohesive language eventually because
of our interconnectedness and our
obsession with American TV shows and
movies or do you think it will always
remain really distinct despite that
that connectedness now?

83
00:27:24,500 --> 00:28:03,150
Well, it could go either way, right.
You would say that on the one hand we
it's a globalized world, right? We
have exposure to the American variety
more and more, at the same time,
people will always want to stand out
and be different and show that they
belong somewhere else. So, I don't
think that all the different
varieties will disappear all of a
sudden, I think people will always
want you to be to be different and to
express their belonging to some group
in some way.

84
00:28:03,330 --> 00:28:22,290
Is that why in say the UK those
differences are so distinct, despite
being over such small distances,
right? Between these different
dialects, whereas you come to
somewhere like Australia and you
don't really see that as much, is
that because those groups over there
are much older and they're much more
trying to show ok we belong to this
group they belong to that group...

85
00:28:23,430 --> 00:28:45,640
That's right in the UK it's the
historical depth really, the time
depth, because these people lived in
those areas for a long time so they
developed a different way of
speaking, whereas Australia and the
U.S. as well and New Zealand are new
Englishes. So, they are much more
homogeneous, but of course there are
differences here as well.

86
00:28:46,130 --> 00:28:49,620
Brilliant, well, Dr. Ksenia and let's
see if I can get the surname
right....(?)

87
00:28:52,890 --> 00:28:53,269
Yes.

88
00:28:53,270 --> 00:28:54,270
Yes, I nailed it!

89
00:28:54,810 --> 00:28:57,090
Where can people find out more about
you and your work?

90
00:28:58,551 --> 00:29:24,110
You can you can tell I have a wesite
it's Gnevsheva, G N E V S H E V A
.com,  I post there my research, you
will find all my papers there and
some of the links to media releases
and things like that and  of course
you can just Google me and find me on
my university web page at ANU.

91
00:29:24,121 --> 00:29:29,640
Which is what I did. Anyway, thank
you so much for your time today, I
really appreciate it.

92
00:29:30,420 --> 00:29:31,780
Yes, thank you, Pete, Thank you for
having me.